土(tu)(tu)工(gong)格(ge)(ge)柵是用(yong)(yong)于土(tu)(tu)木工(gong)程和(he)巖(yan)土(tu)(tu)工(gong)程中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)平(ping)面結構聚(ju)合物，與(yu)傳統的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)材料相(xiang)(xiang)比，土(tu)(tu)工(gong)格(ge)(ge)柵以其較好的(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)特點(dian)受到國內(nei)外道路建(jian)(jian)設工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)青睞。本文分析了其性能(neng)特點(dian)，剖析土(tu)(tu)工(gong)格(ge)(ge)柵的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)現(xian)狀，并提(ti)出了相(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高(gao)土(tu)(tu)工(gong)格(ge)(ge)柵應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)議(yi)。

　　一、 土工格柵(zha)的性(xing)能特點

　　土(tu)工格柵是(shi)用于(yu)土(tu)木工程和(he)巖土(tu)工程中的平(ping)面(mian)結(jie)構聚(ju)(ju)合(he)物,由呈(cheng)整(zheng)體規則網格狀的抗拉材料(liao)組成(cheng)，常用的聚(ju)(ju)合(he)物有聚(ju)(ju)丙烯、高(gao)密(mi)度聚(ju)(ju)乙烯、玻璃纖(xian)維、滌綸、合(he)成(cheng)纖(xian)維等。與其他土(tu)工合(he)成(cheng)材料(liao)相比，具有獨特的性能(neng)與功效，其抗拉強度高(gao)、耐久性能(neng)好以及(ji)易于(yu)施工，常用作加(jia)筋(jin)土(tu)結(jie)構或復合(he)材料(liao)的筋(jin)材等。

　　1、耐久性能好

　　土(tu)工格柵(zha)除具有(you)較(jiao)強的(de)抗拉強度之(zhi)外，其的(de)耐久(jiu)性能也較(jiao)好，因為土(tu)工格柵(zha)材料(liao)是以高密(mi)度聚乙烯或(huo)聚丙烯塑料(liao)為主要原料(liao)，含有(you)抗紫外線(xian)和碳黑等(deng)抗老化(hua)助(zhu)劑(ji)成(cheng)分，能防止酸(suan)、堿、鹽及(ji)酒(jiu)精(jing)、汽(qi)油等(deng)有(you)機溶劑(ji)及(ji)抗紫外線(xian)的(de)侵蝕。據相(xiang)關(guan)資料(liao)顯示，在常(chang)溫條件(jian)以及(ji)設計允許荷載(zai)的(de)情況下，土(tu)工格柵(zha)的(de)使(shi)用壽命(ming)可達120年。

　　2、易于施工

　　土工格柵由(you)于(yu)其重(zhong)量(liang)較輕(qing)、易搬(ban)運(yun)、運(yun)輸貯存方便(bian)(bian)，是一種具(ju)有(you)(you)一定柔性的塑料平面(mian)網材(cai)，且(qie)加(jia)上有(you)(you)一定的韌性和(he)柔性，與(yu)土或碎石嵌鎖力(li)強，對于(yu)現場的施工來(lai)講，便(bian)(bian)于(yu)現場的裁剪和(he)連接，也(ye)可重(zhong)疊搭接，較為簡便(bian)(bian)，無需(xu)專(zhuan)用的施工人員和(he)器(qi)械工具(ju)。

　　3、抗拉強度高

　　土工(gong)格柵(zha)通過獨特的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)藝過程使聚合物的(de)(de)(de)長鏈(lian)碳氫(qing)分子沿拉(la)(la)伸(shen)方向重新排列(lie)成一直(zhi)線，分子鏈(lian)間的(de)(de)(de)聯結力(li)(li)大大加強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，因而具有較高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)拉(la)(la)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度和較低(di)的(de)(de)(de)延(yan)伸(shen)率，如其抗(kang)(kang)拉(la)(la)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度與(yu)拉(la)(la)伸(shen)前(qian)(qian)相(xiang)比，提高(gao)(gao)了(le)5-10倍，延(yan)伸(shen)率與(yu)拉(la)(la)伸(shen)前(qian)(qian)相(xiang)比，卻只有拉(la)(la)伸(shen)前(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)10%-15%。粒(li)料在格柵(zha)網格內互(hu)鎖(suo)力(li)(li)增(zeng)高(gao)(gao)，摩(mo)擦系(xi)數明顯(xian)增(zeng)大。可以說，在眾(zhong)多的(de)(de)(de)土工(gong)合成材料中，在同等應(ying)變下，土工(gong)格柵(zha)的(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)拉(la)(la)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度是最高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)，其抗(kang)(kang)拉(la)(la)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度已接近于軟鋼。

　　二、提高土工格柵在(zai)高速公(gong)路施工中應用水平(ping)的(de)建(jian)議

　　以上對土工(gong)格(ge)(ge)柵材料存在的(de)(de)操作不足，不僅(jin)降低了(le)(le)土工(gong)格(ge)(ge)柵的(de)(de)性能效果，致使資源浪費，也(ye)使整(zheng)個高速(su)公(gong)路(lu)工(gong)程埋下了(le)(le)質(zhi)量隱患。基于(yu)此，筆者結合(he)個人的(de)(de)工(gong)作經(jing)驗(yan)，總(zong)結出了(le)(le)一套提(ti)(ti)高土工(gong)格(ge)(ge)柵在高速(su)公(gong)路(lu)中(zhong)施(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)方(fang)法，以保證土工(gong)格(ge)(ge)柵的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)效果，在確(que)保高速(su)公(gong)路(lu)施(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)量前(qian)提(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)基礎(chu)上，節(jie)省(sheng)人力(li)(li)物力(li)(li)，充(chong)分實現(xian)資源的(de)(de)優化(hua)和配置。

　　1、改進鋪設方法(fa)

　　對于(yu)土(tu)工(gong)格(ge)柵(zha)(zha)材料(liao)鋪設方(fang)法不(bu)正確的(de)(de)(de)現象，應積(ji)極改進鋪設方(fang)法，不(bu)僅(jin)可(ke)以有(you)效(xiao)發(fa)揮土(tu)工(gong)格(ge)柵(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)效(xiao)果，可(ke)以減少(shao)材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)浪費。如對于(yu)土(tu)工(gong)格(ge)柵(zha)(zha)鋪設的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)向(xiang)與縱縫受力(li)方(fang)向(xiang)由于(yu)偏離的(de)(de)(de)問題產生的(de)(de)(de)土(tu)工(gong)格(ge)柵(zha)(zha)作用不(bu)能(neng)發(fa)揮,并(bing)用推土(tu)機(ji)和平(ping)地機(ji)鏟平(ping)。讓機(ji)械(xie)的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)方(fang)向(xiang)與土(tu)工(gong)格(ge)柵(zha)(zha)搭(da)接順茬方(fang)向(xiang)保持一致，以保證土(tu)工(gong)格(ge)柵(zha)(zha)不(bu)被(bei)機(ji)械(xie)迎茬卷起。

　　2、加強施工(gong)工(gong)藝指導，強化施工(gong)過程監督

　　對于在XX高速公路施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)其工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝欠缺的(de)(de)現象(xiang)，除了提(ti)高施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)對于土(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)格(ge)(ge)(ge)柵(zha)(zha)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)正確認識之外(wai)，也要充(chong)分利用施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)團(tuan)隊中(zhong)(zhong)精通土(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)格(ge)(ge)(ge)柵(zha)(zha)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝的(de)(de)人力資源，充(chong)分調動(dong)其對土(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)格(ge)(ge)(ge)柵(zha)(zha)材(cai)料(liao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝指(zhi)導(dao)的(de)(de)積極(ji)性，并(bing)強化對施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程的(de)(de)監督，以(yi)保證(zheng)(zheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量。如(ru)像以(yi)上提(ti)到的(de)(de)土(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)格(ge)(ge)(ge)柵(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)搭(da)(da)接不到位的(de)(de)現象(xiang)，可由(you)專(zhuan)門的(de)(de)技術人員(yuan)進行指(zhi)導(dao)，將成捆土(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)格(ge)(ge)(ge)柵(zha)(zha)運(yun)至施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現場后，按一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)距離放至施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作業面外(wai)，固(gu)定(ding)(ding)土(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)格(ge)(ge)(ge)柵(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)一端，以(yi)及(ji)土(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)格(ge)(ge)(ge)柵(zha)(zha)鋪開后的(de)(de)另(ling)一端，再用事先(xian)做好的(de)(de)U形鋼絲將土(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)格(ge)(ge)(ge)柵(zha)(zha)兩端釘入土(tu)中(zhong)(zhong)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)。且在鋪設另(ling)一塊土(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)格(ge)(ge)(ge)柵(zha)(zha)時(shi)，與(yu)第一塊土(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)格(ge)(ge)(ge)柵(zha)(zha)作二十厘米的(de)(de)搭(da)(da)接。通過(guo)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝的(de)(de)改進，不僅可以(yi)保證(zheng)(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量，也可以(yi)節省材(cai)料(liao)，減(jian)少資源浪費。

　　3、提高(gao)施(shi)工人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)認(ren)識水平(ping)

　　對于施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)缺(que)乏對土(tu)工(gong)(gong)格柵(zha)(zha)正(zheng)確認(ren)識的(de)現象，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)管理(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)可在施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)前(qian)可組織(zhi)專門(men)的(de)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)培訓，對施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)進行技(ji)(ji)術交底，增(zeng)強施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)質量意識和責任(ren)意識。或者(zhe)從外(wai)界吸(xi)收較(jiao)為(wei)專業(ye)的(de)，精通土(tu)工(gong)(gong)格柵(zha)(zha)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝的(de)高速公路施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)加入(ru)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)隊伍，對其他缺(que)少認(ren)識，工(gong)(gong)藝技(ji)(ji)術欠缺(que)的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)進行技(ji)(ji)術指導，監督施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)進程和施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量。